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Si se carga una superficie de 1 m² con 100 g de fuerza de peso (F = 0,1 g × 10 m/s² = 1 N), se obtiene una presión de 1 Pa.* La unidad comúnmente utilizada para presiones más altas en Europa es el Bar (€). Como se puede ver en el cálculo, el Pascal (Pa) es una clasificación demasiado pequeña para la mayoría de las aplicaciones técnicas.
1 Pa = 1 N/m2
Esto corresponde aproximadamente a la presión ejercida por una masa de 1 kg en 1 cm² o una masa de 10 t en 1 m².
*Comentario: en los cálculos de esta página no se ha utilizado el valor exacto de la aceleración gravitatoria g = 9,81 m/s². En su lugar se ha utilizado un valor redondeado de 10 m/s².
The usual unit for higher pressures in Europe is the bar (bar), since Pascal (Pa) is too small a unit of measurement for most technical applications. Below you will find a conversion from 1 bar to the corresponding pressure value in the unit Pa.
1 bar = 105 N/m2 = 100 000 Pa
1 bar corresponds approximately to the pressure exerted by a mass of 1 kg on an area of 1 cm2 or 10 t on 1 m2.
Fig. 1: Generación de 1 barra con diferentes fuerzas de peso y superficies
*Note: The exact value of the acceleration due to gravity g = 9.81 m/s² was not used here, but a rounded value of 10 m/s².
| Valores de las unidades de presión | |
|---|---|
| Value | |
| 1 Pa | 0,01 |
| 1 hPa | 1 |
| 1 psi | 68,97 |
| 1 mWs | 98,07 |
| 1 mmHg | 1,333 |
| 1 Torr | 1,333 |
| 1 at | 980,07 |
| 1 atm | 1013,3 |
La unidad legalmente admisible bar sustituyó en 1978 a las unidades de presión at y atm utilizadas anteriormente. Estas unidades ya no pueden utilizarse hoy en día. Sin embargo, su historia es interesante y revela la conexión con otras unidades de presión que a veces se
que a veces se siguen utilizando hoy en día: La atmósfera técnica at se basaba en la presión hidrostática como referencia, que ejerce una columna de agua de 10 metros de altura (véase el capítulo 2.5). Con una densidad de ρ = 1 kg/dm3 y con la aceleración gravitatoria de g = 9,80665 m/s2, se aplica lo siguiente:
1 at = 0,980665 bar = 10 mWs
The technical atmosphere at is usually followed by an index character, depending on whether it is an absolute pressure (ata), a negative pressure (atu) or an overpressure (atü), such as prevails in tire pressure testers at service stations.
The physical atmosphere reference atm is the average atmospheric pressure prevailing at sea level caused by the weight force of the Earth's atmosphere.
Pressure atm:
1 atm = 1.01325 bar = 760 Torr = 760 mmHg
The unit of measurement mmHg is identical to the unit of pressure Torr and denotes the pressure exerted by a column of mercury 1 millimeter high with a density of 13.5951 g/cm3 and an acceleration due to gravity of 9.80665 m/s2.
Unit of pressure mmHg:
1 mm Hg = 133,322387415 Pa
The millimeter mercury column is not one of the SI-compliant pressure units, but is a legal unit used in medicine to diagnose blood pressure in the EU states and Switzerland.
The unit commonly used in the USA is pounds per square inch (psi). However, the relevant information in product specifications or data sheets is usually given in psi (pounds per square inch).
Pressure unit psi:
1 psi = 1 ibf/in2, whereby:
ibf - a unit of force (pound-force), defined as the force that attracts a body of 1 pound, assuming that the acceleration due to gravity has a constant value equal to g = 9.80665 m/s2,
1 psi = 6.894,75729 Pa = 6.894 kPa
The following information allows you to easily convert between the most common pressure units:
An example of the use of pressure units can be found in the specifications of a pressure gauge, such as the JUMO TAROS S47 P. In the version with a measuring range of 0 to 6 bar relative pressure, the burst pressure is 60 bar. This means that irreparable damage to the instrument will occur at a pressure of 60 bar = 6MPa = 61.183 at = 59.215 atm = 870.226 psi = 37503.18 mmHg.
It is also worth mentioning a pressure measuring device such as a differential pressure transmitter, e.g. a pressure sensor for non-aggressive gases. The input pressure ranges from 0 to 5 mbar. This means that the maximum differential pressure that the sensor can detect is 5 bar = 10-3 Pa = 1 hPa = 0.0051 at = 0.00493 atm = 0.0725 psi.
